Wrinkles

What are wrinkles? Wrinkles are skin depressions and deformations that, depending on their depth, take the form of lines, furrows or folds. They form on the surface of the skin as a result of the natural ageing process and external factors. They are one of the most visible signs of mature skin and can vary in depth and character. They mainly occur on the face, neck, décolleté and hands.

Wrinkles occur as a result of the gradual loss of the skin's basic building blocks - such as collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid - which are responsible for its firmness, elasticity and adequate levels of hydration.

Causes of wrinkles

The most common causes of wrinkles are:

• skin ageing process - physiological decrease in collagen and elastin
• facial expressions - repetitive muscle movements lead to the formation of lines and furrows
• UV radiation - overexposure to the sun accelerates photo-ageing
• hyaluronic acid deficiency - skin hydration and elasticity decreases
• environmental factors - air pollution, free radicals, air conditioning
• lifestyle - smoking, alcohol, stress, lack of sleep, inadequate diet.

Being aware of what wrinkles are made of allows you to be more effective in preventing and delaying their appearance.

Types of wrinkles

Different types of wrinkles are distinguished in the literature:

• • Facial wrinkles - result from facial muscles (e.g. crow's feet, lion's wrinkle, forehead lines)
  • Gravity wrinkles - caused by gravity and loss of firmness of the skin

• Static wrinkles - are permanent lines and folds. They are a consequence of skin ageing, loss of collagen and elastin

• • Structural wrinkles - result from the degeneration of collagen and elastin fibres
  • After-sun wrinkles - effect of prolonged and excessive exposure to the sun (photoageing)
  • Sleeping wrinkles - occurring as a result of prolonged pressure on the skin during sleep

• Wrinkles of sadness - are vertical furrows running from the corners of the mouth towards the chin.

Removal of wrinkles - methods

Modern dermatology and aesthetic medicine offer numerous ways to removal of wrinkles and their reduction. Among the most commonly used smoothing treatments wrinkles belong:

• collagen and elastin stimulating treatments (e.g. micro-needle radiofrequency, HIFU)
• therapies with hyaluronic acid - filling and moisturising the skin
• Botox (botox) - effective for facial wrinkles
• laser skin rejuvenation - improves the texture of the epidermis and reduces fine lines
• needle mesotherapy - provides active ingredients to the skin
• Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) - supports natural cellular regeneration.

The choice of method depends on the type of wrinkles, their depth and the overall condition of the skin.